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Valve
Analysis of the Advantages and Disadvantages of the Five Common Valves
2023-04-27

There are many types of valves, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. Below are the advantages and disadvantages of five major valves, including gate valves, butterfly valves, ball valves, globe valves, and plug valves.

1. Gate valve

Gate valve refers to a valve where the closing element (gate) moves vertically along the channel axis.

1.1 Advantages

① Low fluid resistance, small torque required for opening and closing, and relatively short structural length;

② The flow direction of the medium is not restricted;

③ When fully open, the sealing surface is less eroded by the working medium than the shut-off valve;

④ The body structure is relatively simple and the manufacturing process is good.

1.2 Disadvantages

① The overall size and opening height are relatively large, and the required installation space is also large;

② During the opening and closing process, the sealing surface will experience relative friction and significant wear, even easily causing scratches at high temperatures.

2. Butterfly valve

Butterfly valve is a type of valve that uses a disc type opening and closing element to rotate back and forth about 90 ° to open, close, and regulate the fluid channel.

2.1 Advantages

① Simple structure, small size, light weight, and consumables saving;

② Quick opening and closing, low flow resistance;

③ It can be used for media with suspended solid particles, and can also be used for powder and granular media based on the strength of the sealing surface.

2.2 Disadvantages

① The flow adjustment range is not large, and when it reaches 30%, the flow rate is nearly 95% or more;

② Due to the limitations of the structure and sealing materials of butterfly valves, they are not suitable for use in high-temperature and high-pressure pipeline systems;

③ The sealing performance is relatively poor compared to ball valves and globe valves, so it is used in places with low sealing requirements.

3. Ball valve

The opening and closing part of a ball valve is a sphere that rotates 90 ° around the axis of the valve stem to achieve the purpose of opening and closing.

3.1 Advantages

① It has the lowest flow resistance, can achieve fast opening and closing, and has no impact during operation;

② Due to not getting stuck during operation, it can be reliably applied to corrosive media and low boiling point liquids;

③ It can achieve complete sealing within a large pressure and temperature range;

④ Compact in structure, it can be considered the most reasonable valve structure for low-temperature medium systems.

3.2 Disadvantages

① When the sealing material becomes hard, the reliability of the seal is compromised;

② If the temperature exceeds 180 ℃, the sealing material will age. Considering long-term use, it is generally only used at 120 ℃.

4. Globe valve

Globe valve refers to a valve where the closing element (disc) moves along the centerline of the valve seat.

4.1 Advantages

① During the opening and closing process, the friction between the valve disc and the valve body sealing surface is smaller than that of the gate valve, resulting in wear resistance;

② Usually, there is only one sealing surface on the valve body and disc, so the manufacturing process is relatively good and easy to maintain;

③ Due to the fact that its filler is generally a mixture of asbestos and graphite, it has a higher temperature resistance level. Generally, steam valves use globe valves.

4.2 Disadvantages

① The minimum flow resistance of shut-off valves is also higher than most other types of valves;

② The stroke is shorter and the opening speed is slower than that of the ball valve.

5. Plug valve

Plug valve refers to a rotary valve with a plunger shaped closure component.

5.1 Advantages

① Quick opening and closing, small size, light weight, easy maintenance, vibration free, and low noise;

② Good sealing performance;

③ Due to the limitation of installation direction, the flow direction of the medium can be arbitrary.

5.2 Disadvantages

① The cover is too large, resulting in too much torque and insufficient flexibility;

② Due to its own weight, the caliberr size is limited;

③ In practical use, if large-sized valves are used, an inverted plug structure must be used, otherwise it can easily affect the sealing effect.

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